windowsFonts()$serif
[1] "TT Times New Roman"
$sans
[1] "TT Arial"
$mono
[1] "TT Courier New"WEEK 3: DATA CLEANING & MANIPULATION
Monday, January 23rd
Today we will…
- Review File Paths + R Projects
- Review Lab 2
- A note on font accessibility in graphics
- Mini lecture on text material
- Using
dplyrverbs to manipulate data
- Using
- PA 3: Identify the Mystery College
Font Accessibility in Graphics
Serif fonts “have an extra flourish that makes it look pretty for many people, but can clutter what is on the page and that’s what makes it harder to distinguish for people with visual disabilities than just having a very clean font with no extra bits and pieces around it.”
Changing Font in ggplot2
Option 1: Using your system’s fonts
ggplot(data = penguins,
mapping = aes(x = bill_length_mm,
y = bill_depth_mm)) +
geom_point() +
labs(title = "Penguins from the Palmer Archipelago",
x = "Bill Length (mm)",
y = "Bill Depth (mm)") +
theme(plot.title = element_text(family = "sans", size = 28),,
axis.title.x = element_text(family = "serif", size = 28),
axis.title.y = element_text(family = "mono", size = 28)
)Changing Font in ggplot2
Option 2: showtext R package
library(showtext)
showtext_auto()
font_add_google("Gochi Hand", "gochi")
font_add_google("Montserrat", "montserrat")
ggplot(data = penguins,
mapping = aes(x = bill_length_mm,
y = bill_depth_mm)) +
geom_point() +
labs(title = "Penguins from the Palmer Archipelago",
x = "Bill Length (mm)",
y = "Bill Depth (mm)") +
theme(plot.title = element_text(family = "montserrat", size = 40),
axis.title.y = element_text(family = "gochi", size = 40),
axis.title.x = element_text(family = "gochi", size = 40)
)
dplyr
dplyr verbs
“Grammar of Data Manipulation”
filter()arrange()select()mutate()summarize()- Use
group_by()to perform group wise operations - Use the pipe operator (
|>or%>%) to chain together data wrangling operations
Example Data set – Cereal
'data.frame': 77 obs. of 16 variables:
$ name : Factor w/ 77 levels "100% Bran","100% Natural Bran",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ manuf : Factor w/ 7 levels "A","G","K","N",..: 4 6 3 3 7 2 3 2 7 5 ...
$ type : Factor w/ 2 levels "cold","hot": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ calories: int 70 120 70 50 110 110 110 130 90 90 ...
$ protein : int 4 3 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 ...
$ fat : int 1 5 1 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 ...
$ sodium : int 130 15 260 140 200 180 125 210 200 210 ...
$ fiber : num 10 2 9 14 1 1.5 1 2 4 5 ...
$ carbo : num 5 8 7 8 14 10.5 11 18 15 13 ...
$ sugars : int 6 8 5 0 8 10 14 8 6 5 ...
$ potass : int 280 135 320 330 -1 70 30 100 125 190 ...
$ vitamins: int 25 0 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 ...
$ shelf : int 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 ...
$ weight : num 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.33 1 1 ...
$ cups : num 0.33 1 0.33 0.5 0.75 0.75 1 0.75 0.67 0.67 ...
$ rating : num 68.4 34 59.4 93.7 34.4 ... name manuf type calories protein fat sodium fiber carbo
1 100% Bran N cold 70 4 1 130 10.0 5.0
2 100% Natural Bran Q cold 120 3 5 15 2.0 8.0
3 All-Bran K cold 70 4 1 260 9.0 7.0
4 All-Bran with Extra Fiber K cold 50 4 0 140 14.0 8.0
5 Almond Delight R cold 110 2 2 200 1.0 14.0
6 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios G cold 110 2 2 180 1.5 10.5
sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 6 280 25 3 1 0.33 68.40297
2 8 135 0 3 1 1.00 33.98368
3 5 320 25 3 1 0.33 59.42551
4 0 330 25 3 1 0.50 93.70491
5 8 -1 25 3 1 0.75 34.38484
6 10 70 25 1 1 0.75 29.50954 name manuf type calories
100% Bran : 1 A: 1 cold:74 Min. : 50.0
100% Natural Bran : 1 G:22 hot : 3 1st Qu.:100.0
All-Bran : 1 K:23 Median :110.0
All-Bran with Extra Fiber: 1 N: 6 Mean :106.9
Almond Delight : 1 P: 9 3rd Qu.:110.0
Apple Cinnamon Cheerios : 1 Q: 8 Max. :160.0
(Other) :71 R: 8
protein fat sodium fiber
Min. :1.000 Min. :0.000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.000
1st Qu.:2.000 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:130.0 1st Qu.: 1.000
Median :3.000 Median :1.000 Median :180.0 Median : 2.000
Mean :2.545 Mean :1.013 Mean :159.7 Mean : 2.152
3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:210.0 3rd Qu.: 3.000
Max. :6.000 Max. :5.000 Max. :320.0 Max. :14.000
carbo sugars potass vitamins
Min. :-1.0 Min. :-1.000 Min. : -1.00 Min. : 0.00
1st Qu.:12.0 1st Qu.: 3.000 1st Qu.: 40.00 1st Qu.: 25.00
Median :14.0 Median : 7.000 Median : 90.00 Median : 25.00
Mean :14.6 Mean : 6.922 Mean : 96.08 Mean : 28.25
3rd Qu.:17.0 3rd Qu.:11.000 3rd Qu.:120.00 3rd Qu.: 25.00
Max. :23.0 Max. :15.000 Max. :330.00 Max. :100.00
shelf weight cups rating
Min. :1.000 Min. :0.50 Min. :0.250 Min. :18.04
1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:1.00 1st Qu.:0.670 1st Qu.:33.17
Median :2.000 Median :1.00 Median :0.750 Median :40.40
Mean :2.208 Mean :1.03 Mean :0.821 Mean :42.67
3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:1.00 3rd Qu.:1.000 3rd Qu.:50.83
Max. :3.000 Max. :1.50 Max. :1.500 Max. :93.70
The Pipe Operator
No matter how complex and polished the individual operations are, it is often the quality of the glue that most directly determines the power of the system.
— Hal Abelson
The Pipe Operator
Code should read like a sentence
The data is the primary object, so it should come first in your code.
A Brief History of the Pipe
The original pipe (%>%) was part of the magrittr package.
R version 4.1.0 created the “native” pipe (|>)
The Pipe Operator
The Pipe Operator
The Pipe Operator: Data comes first!
filter(data = cereal, ...)select(data = cereal, ...)mutate(data = cereal, ...)
is the same as
The pipe operator is your friend! You can “pipe” manipulated data sets or summaries directly into your ggplot2 code for plotting.
filter()
dplyr filter() by Allison Horst
filter()
We filter to the rows (observations) we would like to keep in the data set.
| name | manuf | type | calories | protein | fat | sodium | fiber | carbo | sugars | potass | vitamins | shelf | weight | cups | rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Bran | N | cold | 70 | 4 | 1 | 130 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 280 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 68.40297 |
| All-Bran | K | cold | 70 | 4 | 1 | 260 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 320 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 59.42551 |
| All-Bran with Extra Fiber | K | cold | 50 | 4 | 0 | 140 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 330 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 93.70491 |
| Bran Chex | R | cold | 90 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 4 | 15 | 6 | 125 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 49.12025 |
| Bran Flakes | P | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 210 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 190 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 53.31381 |
| Nutri-grain Wheat | K | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3 | 18 | 2 | 90 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59.64284 |
| Puffed Rice | Q | cold | 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 60.75611 |
| Puffed Wheat | Q | cold | 50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 3 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 63.00565 |
| Raisin Squares | K | cold | 90 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 55.33314 |
| Shredded Wheat | N | cold | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 1 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 68.23588 |
| Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran | N | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 74.47295 |
| Shredded Wheat spoon size | N | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 72.80179 |
| Strawberry Fruit Wheats | N | cold | 90 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 3 | 15 | 5 | 90 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59.36399 |
We can add multiple filters to our data, to get a more specific subset!
filter(): Handy Helpers!
>greater than<less than==equal to!not%in%identifies if an element belongs to a vector|oris.na()binary evaluation of missing values
filter()
[1] name manuf type calories protein fat sodium fiber
[9] carbo sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
<0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)What if I wanted either “low calorie” cereals or hot cereals…
filter(): Characters and Factors
Are you interested in observations included in a list of levels?
cereal |>
filter(name %in% c("Cheerios", "Cinnamon Toast Crunch", "Raisin Bran", "Cracklin' Oat Bran")) name manuf type calories protein fat sodium fiber carbo
1 Cheerios G cold 110 6 2 290 2 17
2 Cinnamon Toast Crunch G cold 120 1 3 210 0 13
3 Cracklin' Oat Bran K cold 110 3 3 140 4 10
4 Raisin Bran K cold 120 3 1 210 5 14
sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 1 105 25 1 1.00 1.25 50.76500
2 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 19.82357
3 7 160 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.44877
4 12 240 25 2 1.33 0.75 39.25920arrange()
arrange()
We arrange the data set in order of a particular variable.
name manuf type calories protein fat
1 All-Bran with Extra Fiber K cold 50 4 0
2 Puffed Rice Q cold 50 1 0
3 Puffed Wheat Q cold 50 2 0
4 100% Bran N cold 70 4 1
5 All-Bran K cold 70 4 1
6 Shredded Wheat N cold 80 2 0
7 Bran Chex R cold 90 2 1
8 Bran Flakes P cold 90 3 0
9 Nutri-grain Wheat K cold 90 3 0
10 Raisin Squares K cold 90 2 0
11 Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran N cold 90 3 0
12 Shredded Wheat spoon size N cold 90 3 0
13 Strawberry Fruit Wheats N cold 90 2 0
14 Corn Flakes K cold 100 2 0
15 Cream of Wheat (Quick) N hot 100 3 0
16 Crispy Wheat & Raisins G cold 100 2 1
17 Double Chex R cold 100 2 0
18 Frosted Mini-Wheats K cold 100 3 0
19 Golden Crisp P cold 100 2 0
20 Grape Nuts Flakes P cold 100 3 1
21 Life Q cold 100 4 2
22 Maypo A hot 100 4 1
23 Multi-Grain Cheerios G cold 100 2 1
24 Product 19 K cold 100 3 0
25 Quaker Oat Squares Q cold 100 4 1
26 Quaker Oatmeal Q hot 100 5 2
27 Raisin Nut Bran G cold 100 3 2
28 Total Whole Grain G cold 100 3 1
29 Wheat Chex R cold 100 3 1
30 Wheaties G cold 100 3 1
31 Almond Delight R cold 110 2 2
32 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios G cold 110 2 2
33 Apple Jacks K cold 110 2 0
34 Cheerios G cold 110 6 2
35 Clusters G cold 110 3 2
36 Cocoa Puffs G cold 110 1 1
37 Corn Chex R cold 110 2 0
38 Corn Pops K cold 110 1 0
39 Count Chocula G cold 110 1 1
40 Cracklin' Oat Bran K cold 110 3 3
41 Crispix K cold 110 2 0
42 Froot Loops K cold 110 2 1
43 Frosted Flakes K cold 110 1 0
44 Fruity Pebbles P cold 110 1 1
45 Golden Grahams G cold 110 1 1
46 Grape-Nuts P cold 110 3 0
47 Honey Nut Cheerios G cold 110 3 1
48 Honey-comb P cold 110 1 0
49 Just Right Crunchy Nuggets K cold 110 2 1
50 Kix G cold 110 2 1
51 Lucky Charms G cold 110 2 1
52 Rice Chex R cold 110 1 0
53 Rice Krispies K cold 110 2 0
54 Smacks K cold 110 2 1
55 Special K K cold 110 6 0
56 Total Corn Flakes G cold 110 2 1
57 Triples G cold 110 2 1
58 Trix G cold 110 1 1
59 Wheaties Honey Gold G cold 110 2 1
60 100% Natural Bran Q cold 120 3 5
61 Cap'n'Crunch Q cold 120 1 2
62 Cinnamon Toast Crunch G cold 120 1 3
63 Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats P cold 120 3 2
64 Fruitful Bran K cold 120 3 0
65 Great Grains Pecan P cold 120 3 3
66 Honey Graham Ohs Q cold 120 1 2
67 Nut&Honey Crunch K cold 120 2 1
68 Post Nat. Raisin Bran P cold 120 3 1
69 Raisin Bran K cold 120 3 1
70 Basic 4 G cold 130 3 2
71 Oatmeal Raisin Crisp G cold 130 3 2
72 Just Right Fruit & Nut K cold 140 3 1
73 Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin K cold 140 3 2
74 Total Raisin Bran G cold 140 3 1
75 Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds R cold 150 4 3
76 Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans R cold 150 4 3
77 Mueslix Crispy Blend K cold 160 3 2
sodium fiber carbo sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 140 14.0 8.0 0 330 25 3 1.00 0.50 93.70491
2 0 0.0 13.0 0 15 0 3 0.50 1.00 60.75611
3 0 1.0 10.0 0 50 0 3 0.50 1.00 63.00565
4 130 10.0 5.0 6 280 25 3 1.00 0.33 68.40297
5 260 9.0 7.0 5 320 25 3 1.00 0.33 59.42551
6 0 3.0 16.0 0 95 0 1 0.83 1.00 68.23588
7 200 4.0 15.0 6 125 25 1 1.00 0.67 49.12025
8 210 5.0 13.0 5 190 25 3 1.00 0.67 53.31381
9 170 3.0 18.0 2 90 25 3 1.00 1.00 59.64284
10 0 2.0 15.0 6 110 25 3 1.00 0.50 55.33314
11 0 4.0 19.0 0 140 0 1 1.00 0.67 74.47295
12 0 3.0 20.0 0 120 0 1 1.00 0.67 72.80179
13 15 3.0 15.0 5 90 25 2 1.00 1.00 59.36399
14 290 1.0 21.0 2 35 25 1 1.00 1.00 45.86332
15 80 1.0 21.0 0 -1 0 2 1.00 1.00 64.53382
16 140 2.0 11.0 10 120 25 3 1.00 0.75 36.17620
17 190 1.0 18.0 5 80 25 3 1.00 0.75 44.33086
18 0 3.0 14.0 7 100 25 2 1.00 0.80 58.34514
19 45 0.0 11.0 15 40 25 1 1.00 0.88 35.25244
20 140 3.0 15.0 5 85 25 3 1.00 0.88 52.07690
21 150 2.0 12.0 6 95 25 2 1.00 0.67 45.32807
22 0 0.0 16.0 3 95 25 2 1.00 1.00 54.85092
23 220 2.0 15.0 6 90 25 1 1.00 1.00 40.10596
24 320 1.0 20.0 3 45 100 3 1.00 1.00 41.50354
25 135 2.0 14.0 6 110 25 3 1.00 0.50 49.51187
26 0 2.7 -1.0 -1 110 0 1 1.00 0.67 50.82839
27 140 2.5 10.5 8 140 25 3 1.00 0.50 39.70340
28 200 3.0 16.0 3 110 100 3 1.00 1.00 46.65884
29 230 3.0 17.0 3 115 25 1 1.00 0.67 49.78744
30 200 3.0 17.0 3 110 25 1 1.00 1.00 51.59219
31 200 1.0 14.0 8 -1 25 3 1.00 0.75 34.38484
32 180 1.5 10.5 10 70 25 1 1.00 0.75 29.50954
33 125 1.0 11.0 14 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 33.17409
34 290 2.0 17.0 1 105 25 1 1.00 1.25 50.76500
35 140 2.0 13.0 7 105 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.40021
36 180 0.0 12.0 13 55 25 2 1.00 1.00 22.73645
37 280 0.0 22.0 3 25 25 1 1.00 1.00 41.44502
38 90 1.0 13.0 12 20 25 2 1.00 1.00 35.78279
39 180 0.0 12.0 13 65 25 2 1.00 1.00 22.39651
40 140 4.0 10.0 7 160 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.44877
41 220 1.0 21.0 3 30 25 3 1.00 1.00 46.89564
42 125 1.0 11.0 13 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 32.20758
43 200 1.0 14.0 11 25 25 1 1.00 0.75 31.43597
44 135 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00 0.75 28.02576
45 280 0.0 15.0 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 23.80404
46 170 3.0 17.0 3 90 25 3 1.00 0.25 53.37101
47 250 1.5 11.5 10 90 25 1 1.00 0.75 31.07222
48 180 0.0 14.0 11 35 25 1 1.00 1.33 28.74241
49 170 1.0 17.0 6 60 100 3 1.00 1.00 36.52368
50 260 0.0 21.0 3 40 25 2 1.00 1.50 39.24111
51 180 0.0 12.0 12 55 25 2 1.00 1.00 26.73451
52 240 0.0 23.0 2 30 25 1 1.00 1.13 41.99893
53 290 0.0 22.0 3 35 25 1 1.00 1.00 40.56016
54 70 1.0 9.0 15 40 25 2 1.00 0.75 31.23005
55 230 1.0 16.0 3 55 25 1 1.00 1.00 53.13132
56 200 0.0 21.0 3 35 100 3 1.00 1.00 38.83975
57 250 0.0 21.0 3 60 25 3 1.00 0.75 39.10617
58 140 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00 1.00 27.75330
59 200 1.0 16.0 8 60 25 1 1.00 0.75 36.18756
60 15 2.0 8.0 8 135 0 3 1.00 1.00 33.98368
61 220 0.0 12.0 12 35 25 2 1.00 0.75 18.04285
62 210 0.0 13.0 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 19.82357
63 160 5.0 12.0 10 200 25 3 1.25 0.67 40.91705
64 240 5.0 14.0 12 190 25 3 1.33 0.67 41.01549
65 75 3.0 13.0 4 100 25 3 1.00 0.33 45.81172
66 220 1.0 12.0 11 45 25 2 1.00 1.00 21.87129
67 190 0.0 15.0 9 40 25 2 1.00 0.67 29.92429
68 200 6.0 11.0 14 260 25 3 1.33 0.67 37.84059
69 210 5.0 14.0 12 240 25 2 1.33 0.75 39.25920
70 210 2.0 18.0 8 100 25 3 1.33 0.75 37.03856
71 170 1.5 13.5 10 120 25 3 1.25 0.50 30.45084
72 170 2.0 20.0 9 95 100 3 1.30 0.75 36.47151
73 220 3.0 21.0 7 130 25 3 1.33 0.67 40.69232
74 190 4.0 15.0 14 230 100 3 1.50 1.00 28.59278
75 95 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00 1.00 37.13686
76 150 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00 1.00 34.13976
77 150 3.0 17.0 13 160 25 3 1.50 0.67 30.31335arrange()
We can arrange by multiple variables.
| name | manuf | type | calories | protein | fat | sodium | fiber | carbo | sugars | potass | vitamins | shelf | weight | cups | rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-Bran with Extra Fiber | K | cold | 50 | 4 | 0 | 140 | 14.0 | 8.0 | 0 | 330 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 93.70491 |
| Puffed Rice | Q | cold | 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 60.75611 |
| Puffed Wheat | Q | cold | 50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 3 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 63.00565 |
| All-Bran | K | cold | 70 | 4 | 1 | 260 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 5 | 320 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 59.42551 |
| 100% Bran | N | cold | 70 | 4 | 1 | 130 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 6 | 280 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 68.40297 |
| Shredded Wheat | N | cold | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 1 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 68.23588 |
| Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran | N | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 19.0 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 74.47295 |
| Shredded Wheat spoon size | N | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 72.80179 |
| Nutri-grain Wheat | K | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3.0 | 18.0 | 2 | 90 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59.64284 |
| Bran Flakes | P | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 210 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 5 | 190 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 53.31381 |
| Strawberry Fruit Wheats | N | cold | 90 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 5 | 90 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59.36399 |
| Bran Chex | R | cold | 90 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 125 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 49.12025 |
| Raisin Squares | K | cold | 90 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 55.33314 |
| Quaker Oatmeal | Q | hot | 100 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2.7 | -1.0 | -1 | 110 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 50.82839 |
| Cream of Wheat (Quick) | N | hot | 100 | 3 | 0 | 80 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 64.53382 |
| Corn Flakes | K | cold | 100 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 2 | 35 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 45.86332 |
| Maypo | A | hot | 100 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 95 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 54.85092 |
| Product 19 | K | cold | 100 | 3 | 0 | 320 | 1.0 | 20.0 | 3 | 45 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41.50354 |
| Total Whole Grain | G | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 110 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46.65884 |
| Wheat Chex | R | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 230 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 115 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 49.78744 |
| Wheaties | G | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 110 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 51.59219 |
| Double Chex | R | cold | 100 | 2 | 0 | 190 | 1.0 | 18.0 | 5 | 80 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 44.33086 |
| Grape Nuts Flakes | P | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 140 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 5 | 85 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 52.07690 |
| Life | Q | cold | 100 | 4 | 2 | 150 | 2.0 | 12.0 | 6 | 95 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 45.32807 |
| Multi-Grain Cheerios | G | cold | 100 | 2 | 1 | 220 | 2.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 90 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40.10596 |
| Quaker Oat Squares | Q | cold | 100 | 4 | 1 | 135 | 2.0 | 14.0 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 49.51187 |
| Frosted Mini-Wheats | K | cold | 100 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 7 | 100 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 58.34514 |
| Raisin Nut Bran | G | cold | 100 | 3 | 2 | 140 | 2.5 | 10.5 | 8 | 140 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 39.70340 |
| Crispy Wheat & Raisins | G | cold | 100 | 2 | 1 | 140 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 36.17620 |
| Golden Crisp | P | cold | 100 | 2 | 0 | 45 | 0.0 | 11.0 | 15 | 40 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 35.25244 |
| Cheerios | G | cold | 110 | 6 | 2 | 290 | 2.0 | 17.0 | 1 | 105 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 50.76500 |
| Rice Chex | R | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 240 | 0.0 | 23.0 | 2 | 30 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 41.99893 |
| Corn Chex | R | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 280 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41.44502 |
| Crispix | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 220 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 30 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46.89564 |
| Grape-Nuts | P | cold | 110 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 90 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 53.37101 |
| Kix | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 260 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 40 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 39.24111 |
| Rice Krispies | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 3 | 35 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40.56016 |
| Special K | K | cold | 110 | 6 | 0 | 230 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 55 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 53.13132 |
| Total Corn Flakes | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 35 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38.83975 |
| Triples | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 60 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 39.10617 |
| Just Right Crunchy Nuggets | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 170 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 6 | 60 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 36.52368 |
| Clusters | G | cold | 110 | 3 | 2 | 140 | 2.0 | 13.0 | 7 | 105 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 40.40021 |
| Cracklin' Oat Bran | K | cold | 110 | 3 | 3 | 140 | 4.0 | 10.0 | 7 | 160 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 40.44877 |
| Almond Delight | R | cold | 110 | 2 | 2 | 200 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 8 | -1 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 34.38484 |
| Wheaties Honey Gold | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 8 | 60 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 36.18756 |
| Golden Grahams | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 280 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 23.80404 |
| Apple Cinnamon Cheerios | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 2 | 180 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 10 | 70 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 29.50954 |
| Honey Nut Cheerios | G | cold | 110 | 3 | 1 | 250 | 1.5 | 11.5 | 10 | 90 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 31.07222 |
| Frosted Flakes | K | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 200 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 11 | 25 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 31.43597 |
| Honey-comb | P | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 180 | 0.0 | 14.0 | 11 | 35 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 28.74241 |
| Corn Pops | K | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 90 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 20 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 35.78279 |
| Fruity Pebbles | P | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 135 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 28.02576 |
| Lucky Charms | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12 | 55 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 26.73451 |
| Trix | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 140 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 27.75330 |
| Cocoa Puffs | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 55 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22.73645 |
| Count Chocula | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 65 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22.39651 |
| Froot Loops | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 125 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 13 | 30 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 32.20758 |
| Apple Jacks | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 125 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 14 | 30 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 33.17409 |
| Smacks | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 70 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 15 | 40 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 31.23005 |
| Great Grains Pecan | P | cold | 120 | 3 | 3 | 75 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 4 | 100 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 45.81172 |
| 100% Natural Bran | Q | cold | 120 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 8 | 135 | 0 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 33.98368 |
| Cinnamon Toast Crunch | G | cold | 120 | 1 | 3 | 210 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 19.82357 |
| Nut&Honey Crunch | K | cold | 120 | 2 | 1 | 190 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 9 | 40 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 29.92429 |
| Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats | P | cold | 120 | 3 | 2 | 160 | 5.0 | 12.0 | 10 | 200 | 25 | 3 | 1.25 | 0.67 | 40.91705 |
| Honey Graham Ohs | Q | cold | 120 | 1 | 2 | 220 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 11 | 45 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 21.87129 |
| Cap'n'Crunch | Q | cold | 120 | 1 | 2 | 220 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12 | 35 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 18.04285 |
| Fruitful Bran | K | cold | 120 | 3 | 0 | 240 | 5.0 | 14.0 | 12 | 190 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 41.01549 |
| Raisin Bran | K | cold | 120 | 3 | 1 | 210 | 5.0 | 14.0 | 12 | 240 | 25 | 2 | 1.33 | 0.75 | 39.25920 |
| Post Nat. Raisin Bran | P | cold | 120 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 14 | 260 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 37.84059 |
| Basic 4 | G | cold | 130 | 3 | 2 | 210 | 2.0 | 18.0 | 8 | 100 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.75 | 37.03856 |
| Oatmeal Raisin Crisp | G | cold | 130 | 3 | 2 | 170 | 1.5 | 13.5 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 3 | 1.25 | 0.50 | 30.45084 |
| Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin | K | cold | 140 | 3 | 2 | 220 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 7 | 130 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 40.69232 |
| Just Right Fruit & Nut | K | cold | 140 | 3 | 1 | 170 | 2.0 | 20.0 | 9 | 95 | 100 | 3 | 1.30 | 0.75 | 36.47151 |
| Total Raisin Bran | G | cold | 140 | 3 | 1 | 190 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 14 | 230 | 100 | 3 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 28.59278 |
| Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds | R | cold | 150 | 4 | 3 | 95 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 11 | 170 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 37.13686 |
| Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans | R | cold | 150 | 4 | 3 | 150 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 11 | 170 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 34.13976 |
| Mueslix Crispy Blend | K | cold | 160 | 3 | 2 | 150 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 13 | 160 | 25 | 3 | 1.50 | 0.67 | 30.31335 |
arrange(): Descending Order
Default is ascending order!
Need to add desc() to get descending order!
arrange(): Related functions
slice()slice_min()slice_max()top_n()bottom_n()
slice_max()
name manuf type calories protein fat sodium fiber carbo
1 Golden Crisp P cold 100 2 0 45 0 11
2 Smacks K cold 110 2 1 70 1 9
3 Apple Jacks K cold 110 2 0 125 1 11
4 Post Nat. Raisin Bran P cold 120 3 1 200 6 11
5 Total Raisin Bran G cold 140 3 1 190 4 15
sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 15 40 25 1 1.00 0.88 35.25244
2 15 40 25 2 1.00 0.75 31.23005
3 14 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 33.17409
4 14 260 25 3 1.33 0.67 37.84059
5 14 230 100 3 1.50 1.00 28.59278Tip
It is good practice to specify the function arguments!
select()
We select which variables we would like to remain in the dataset.
| name | manuf | calories | cups |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Bran | N | 70 | 0.33 |
| 100% Natural Bran | Q | 120 | 1.00 |
| All-Bran | K | 70 | 0.33 |
| All-Bran with Extra Fiber | K | 50 | 0.50 |
| Almond Delight | R | 110 | 0.75 |
| Apple Cinnamon Cheerios | G | 110 | 0.75 |
| Apple Jacks | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Basic 4 | G | 130 | 0.75 |
| Bran Chex | R | 90 | 0.67 |
| Bran Flakes | P | 90 | 0.67 |
| Cap'n'Crunch | Q | 120 | 0.75 |
| Cheerios | G | 110 | 1.25 |
| Cinnamon Toast Crunch | G | 120 | 0.75 |
| Clusters | G | 110 | 0.50 |
| Cocoa Puffs | G | 110 | 1.00 |
| Corn Chex | R | 110 | 1.00 |
| Corn Flakes | K | 100 | 1.00 |
| Corn Pops | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Count Chocula | G | 110 | 1.00 |
| Cracklin' Oat Bran | K | 110 | 0.50 |
| Cream of Wheat (Quick) | N | 100 | 1.00 |
| Crispix | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Crispy Wheat & Raisins | G | 100 | 0.75 |
| Double Chex | R | 100 | 0.75 |
| Froot Loops | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Frosted Flakes | K | 110 | 0.75 |
| Frosted Mini-Wheats | K | 100 | 0.80 |
| Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats | P | 120 | 0.67 |
| Fruitful Bran | K | 120 | 0.67 |
| Fruity Pebbles | P | 110 | 0.75 |
| Golden Crisp | P | 100 | 0.88 |
| Golden Grahams | G | 110 | 0.75 |
| Grape Nuts Flakes | P | 100 | 0.88 |
| Grape-Nuts | P | 110 | 0.25 |
| Great Grains Pecan | P | 120 | 0.33 |
| Honey Graham Ohs | Q | 120 | 1.00 |
| Honey Nut Cheerios | G | 110 | 0.75 |
| Honey-comb | P | 110 | 1.33 |
| Just Right Crunchy Nuggets | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Just Right Fruit & Nut | K | 140 | 0.75 |
| Kix | G | 110 | 1.50 |
| Life | Q | 100 | 0.67 |
| Lucky Charms | G | 110 | 1.00 |
| Maypo | A | 100 | 1.00 |
| Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds | R | 150 | 1.00 |
| Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans | R | 150 | 1.00 |
| Mueslix Crispy Blend | K | 160 | 0.67 |
| Multi-Grain Cheerios | G | 100 | 1.00 |
| Nut&Honey Crunch | K | 120 | 0.67 |
| Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin | K | 140 | 0.67 |
| Nutri-grain Wheat | K | 90 | 1.00 |
| Oatmeal Raisin Crisp | G | 130 | 0.50 |
| Post Nat. Raisin Bran | P | 120 | 0.67 |
| Product 19 | K | 100 | 1.00 |
| Puffed Rice | Q | 50 | 1.00 |
| Puffed Wheat | Q | 50 | 1.00 |
| Quaker Oat Squares | Q | 100 | 0.50 |
| Quaker Oatmeal | Q | 100 | 0.67 |
| Raisin Bran | K | 120 | 0.75 |
| Raisin Nut Bran | G | 100 | 0.50 |
| Raisin Squares | K | 90 | 0.50 |
| Rice Chex | R | 110 | 1.13 |
| Rice Krispies | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Shredded Wheat | N | 80 | 1.00 |
| Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran | N | 90 | 0.67 |
| Shredded Wheat spoon size | N | 90 | 0.67 |
| Smacks | K | 110 | 0.75 |
| Special K | K | 110 | 1.00 |
| Strawberry Fruit Wheats | N | 90 | 1.00 |
| Total Corn Flakes | G | 110 | 1.00 |
| Total Raisin Bran | G | 140 | 1.00 |
| Total Whole Grain | G | 100 | 1.00 |
| Triples | G | 110 | 0.75 |
| Trix | G | 110 | 1.00 |
| Wheat Chex | R | 100 | 0.67 |
| Wheaties | G | 100 | 1.00 |
| Wheaties Honey Gold | G | 110 | 0.75 |
You can use the : to select a sequence of columns!
| name | manuf | type | calories |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Bran | N | cold | 70 |
| 100% Natural Bran | Q | cold | 120 |
| All-Bran | K | cold | 70 |
| All-Bran with Extra Fiber | K | cold | 50 |
| Almond Delight | R | cold | 110 |
| Apple Cinnamon Cheerios | G | cold | 110 |
| Apple Jacks | K | cold | 110 |
| Basic 4 | G | cold | 130 |
| Bran Chex | R | cold | 90 |
| Bran Flakes | P | cold | 90 |
| Cap'n'Crunch | Q | cold | 120 |
| Cheerios | G | cold | 110 |
| Cinnamon Toast Crunch | G | cold | 120 |
| Clusters | G | cold | 110 |
| Cocoa Puffs | G | cold | 110 |
| Corn Chex | R | cold | 110 |
| Corn Flakes | K | cold | 100 |
| Corn Pops | K | cold | 110 |
| Count Chocula | G | cold | 110 |
| Cracklin' Oat Bran | K | cold | 110 |
| Cream of Wheat (Quick) | N | hot | 100 |
| Crispix | K | cold | 110 |
| Crispy Wheat & Raisins | G | cold | 100 |
| Double Chex | R | cold | 100 |
| Froot Loops | K | cold | 110 |
| Frosted Flakes | K | cold | 110 |
| Frosted Mini-Wheats | K | cold | 100 |
| Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats | P | cold | 120 |
| Fruitful Bran | K | cold | 120 |
| Fruity Pebbles | P | cold | 110 |
| Golden Crisp | P | cold | 100 |
| Golden Grahams | G | cold | 110 |
| Grape Nuts Flakes | P | cold | 100 |
| Grape-Nuts | P | cold | 110 |
| Great Grains Pecan | P | cold | 120 |
| Honey Graham Ohs | Q | cold | 120 |
| Honey Nut Cheerios | G | cold | 110 |
| Honey-comb | P | cold | 110 |
| Just Right Crunchy Nuggets | K | cold | 110 |
| Just Right Fruit & Nut | K | cold | 140 |
| Kix | G | cold | 110 |
| Life | Q | cold | 100 |
| Lucky Charms | G | cold | 110 |
| Maypo | A | hot | 100 |
| Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds | R | cold | 150 |
| Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans | R | cold | 150 |
| Mueslix Crispy Blend | K | cold | 160 |
| Multi-Grain Cheerios | G | cold | 100 |
| Nut&Honey Crunch | K | cold | 120 |
| Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin | K | cold | 140 |
| Nutri-grain Wheat | K | cold | 90 |
| Oatmeal Raisin Crisp | G | cold | 130 |
| Post Nat. Raisin Bran | P | cold | 120 |
| Product 19 | K | cold | 100 |
| Puffed Rice | Q | cold | 50 |
| Puffed Wheat | Q | cold | 50 |
| Quaker Oat Squares | Q | cold | 100 |
| Quaker Oatmeal | Q | hot | 100 |
| Raisin Bran | K | cold | 120 |
| Raisin Nut Bran | G | cold | 100 |
| Raisin Squares | K | cold | 90 |
| Rice Chex | R | cold | 110 |
| Rice Krispies | K | cold | 110 |
| Shredded Wheat | N | cold | 80 |
| Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran | N | cold | 90 |
| Shredded Wheat spoon size | N | cold | 90 |
| Smacks | K | cold | 110 |
| Special K | K | cold | 110 |
| Strawberry Fruit Wheats | N | cold | 90 |
| Total Corn Flakes | G | cold | 110 |
| Total Raisin Bran | G | cold | 140 |
| Total Whole Grain | G | cold | 100 |
| Triples | G | cold | 110 |
| Trix | G | cold | 110 |
| Wheat Chex | R | cold | 100 |
| Wheaties | G | cold | 100 |
| Wheaties Honey Gold | G | cold | 110 |
select(): Omitting Columns
You can remove columns from the dataset using a -.
select(): Reordering
You can reorder the columns in the dataset inside of select()!
| name | rating | manuf | type | calories | cups | weight | protein | fat | sodium | fiber | carbo | sugars | potass | vitamins | shelf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Bran | 68.40297 | N | cold | 70 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 4 | 1 | 130 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 6 | 280 | 25 | 3 |
| 100% Natural Bran | 33.98368 | Q | cold | 120 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 8 | 135 | 0 | 3 |
| All-Bran | 59.42551 | K | cold | 70 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 4 | 1 | 260 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 5 | 320 | 25 | 3 |
| All-Bran with Extra Fiber | 93.70491 | K | cold | 50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 4 | 0 | 140 | 14.0 | 8.0 | 0 | 330 | 25 | 3 |
| Almond Delight | 34.38484 | R | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 2 | 200 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 8 | -1 | 25 | 3 |
| Apple Cinnamon Cheerios | 29.50954 | G | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 2 | 180 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 10 | 70 | 25 | 1 |
| Apple Jacks | 33.17409 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 125 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 14 | 30 | 25 | 2 |
| Basic 4 | 37.03856 | G | cold | 130 | 0.75 | 1.33 | 3 | 2 | 210 | 2.0 | 18.0 | 8 | 100 | 25 | 3 |
| Bran Chex | 49.12025 | R | cold | 90 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 125 | 25 | 1 |
| Bran Flakes | 53.31381 | P | cold | 90 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 210 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 5 | 190 | 25 | 3 |
| Cap'n'Crunch | 18.04285 | Q | cold | 120 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1 | 2 | 220 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12 | 35 | 25 | 2 |
| Cheerios | 50.76500 | G | cold | 110 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 6 | 2 | 290 | 2.0 | 17.0 | 1 | 105 | 25 | 1 |
| Cinnamon Toast Crunch | 19.82357 | G | cold | 120 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1 | 3 | 210 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 2 |
| Clusters | 40.40021 | G | cold | 110 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 3 | 2 | 140 | 2.0 | 13.0 | 7 | 105 | 25 | 3 |
| Cocoa Puffs | 22.73645 | G | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 55 | 25 | 2 |
| Corn Chex | 41.44502 | R | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 280 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 1 |
| Corn Flakes | 45.86332 | K | cold | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 2 | 35 | 25 | 1 |
| Corn Pops | 35.78279 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 0 | 90 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 20 | 25 | 2 |
| Count Chocula | 22.39651 | G | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 65 | 25 | 2 |
| Cracklin' Oat Bran | 40.44877 | K | cold | 110 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 3 | 3 | 140 | 4.0 | 10.0 | 7 | 160 | 25 | 3 |
| Cream of Wheat (Quick) | 64.53382 | N | hot | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 80 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 2 |
| Crispix | 46.89564 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 220 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 30 | 25 | 3 |
| Crispy Wheat & Raisins | 36.17620 | G | cold | 100 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 140 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 3 |
| Double Chex | 44.33086 | R | cold | 100 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 190 | 1.0 | 18.0 | 5 | 80 | 25 | 3 |
| Froot Loops | 32.20758 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 125 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 13 | 30 | 25 | 2 |
| Frosted Flakes | 31.43597 | K | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1 | 0 | 200 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 11 | 25 | 25 | 1 |
| Frosted Mini-Wheats | 58.34514 | K | cold | 100 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 7 | 100 | 25 | 2 |
| Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats | 40.91705 | P | cold | 120 | 0.67 | 1.25 | 3 | 2 | 160 | 5.0 | 12.0 | 10 | 200 | 25 | 3 |
| Fruitful Bran | 41.01549 | K | cold | 120 | 0.67 | 1.33 | 3 | 0 | 240 | 5.0 | 14.0 | 12 | 190 | 25 | 3 |
| Fruity Pebbles | 28.02576 | P | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 135 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 2 |
| Golden Crisp | 35.25244 | P | cold | 100 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 45 | 0.0 | 11.0 | 15 | 40 | 25 | 1 |
| Golden Grahams | 23.80404 | G | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 280 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 2 |
| Grape Nuts Flakes | 52.07690 | P | cold | 100 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 3 | 1 | 140 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 5 | 85 | 25 | 3 |
| Grape-Nuts | 53.37101 | P | cold | 110 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 90 | 25 | 3 |
| Great Grains Pecan | 45.81172 | P | cold | 120 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 3 | 3 | 75 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 4 | 100 | 25 | 3 |
| Honey Graham Ohs | 21.87129 | Q | cold | 120 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 2 | 220 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 11 | 45 | 25 | 2 |
| Honey Nut Cheerios | 31.07222 | G | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 3 | 1 | 250 | 1.5 | 11.5 | 10 | 90 | 25 | 1 |
| Honey-comb | 28.74241 | P | cold | 110 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 1 | 0 | 180 | 0.0 | 14.0 | 11 | 35 | 25 | 1 |
| Just Right Crunchy Nuggets | 36.52368 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 170 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 6 | 60 | 100 | 3 |
| Just Right Fruit & Nut | 36.47151 | K | cold | 140 | 0.75 | 1.30 | 3 | 1 | 170 | 2.0 | 20.0 | 9 | 95 | 100 | 3 |
| Kix | 39.24111 | G | cold | 110 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 260 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 40 | 25 | 2 |
| Life | 45.32807 | Q | cold | 100 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 4 | 2 | 150 | 2.0 | 12.0 | 6 | 95 | 25 | 2 |
| Lucky Charms | 26.73451 | G | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12 | 55 | 25 | 2 |
| Maypo | 54.85092 | A | hot | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 95 | 25 | 2 |
| Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds | 37.13686 | R | cold | 150 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4 | 3 | 95 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 11 | 170 | 25 | 3 |
| Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans | 34.13976 | R | cold | 150 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4 | 3 | 150 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 11 | 170 | 25 | 3 |
| Mueslix Crispy Blend | 30.31335 | K | cold | 160 | 0.67 | 1.50 | 3 | 2 | 150 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 13 | 160 | 25 | 3 |
| Multi-Grain Cheerios | 40.10596 | G | cold | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 220 | 2.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 90 | 25 | 1 |
| Nut&Honey Crunch | 29.92429 | K | cold | 120 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 190 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 9 | 40 | 25 | 2 |
| Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin | 40.69232 | K | cold | 140 | 0.67 | 1.33 | 3 | 2 | 220 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 7 | 130 | 25 | 3 |
| Nutri-grain Wheat | 59.64284 | K | cold | 90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3.0 | 18.0 | 2 | 90 | 25 | 3 |
| Oatmeal Raisin Crisp | 30.45084 | G | cold | 130 | 0.50 | 1.25 | 3 | 2 | 170 | 1.5 | 13.5 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 3 |
| Post Nat. Raisin Bran | 37.84059 | P | cold | 120 | 0.67 | 1.33 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 14 | 260 | 25 | 3 |
| Product 19 | 41.50354 | K | cold | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 320 | 1.0 | 20.0 | 3 | 45 | 100 | 3 |
| Puffed Rice | 60.75611 | Q | cold | 50 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 3 |
| Puffed Wheat | 63.00565 | Q | cold | 50 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 3 |
| Quaker Oat Squares | 49.51187 | Q | cold | 100 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 4 | 1 | 135 | 2.0 | 14.0 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 |
| Quaker Oatmeal | 50.82839 | Q | hot | 100 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2.7 | -1.0 | -1 | 110 | 0 | 1 |
| Raisin Bran | 39.25920 | K | cold | 120 | 0.75 | 1.33 | 3 | 1 | 210 | 5.0 | 14.0 | 12 | 240 | 25 | 2 |
| Raisin Nut Bran | 39.70340 | G | cold | 100 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 3 | 2 | 140 | 2.5 | 10.5 | 8 | 140 | 25 | 3 |
| Raisin Squares | 55.33314 | K | cold | 90 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 |
| Rice Chex | 41.99893 | R | cold | 110 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 1 | 0 | 240 | 0.0 | 23.0 | 2 | 30 | 25 | 1 |
| Rice Krispies | 40.56016 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 3 | 35 | 25 | 1 |
| Shredded Wheat | 68.23588 | N | cold | 80 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 1 |
| Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran | 74.47295 | N | cold | 90 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 19.0 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 1 |
| Shredded Wheat spoon size | 72.80179 | N | cold | 90 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 1 |
| Smacks | 31.23005 | K | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 70 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 15 | 40 | 25 | 2 |
| Special K | 53.13132 | K | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 6 | 0 | 230 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 55 | 25 | 1 |
| Strawberry Fruit Wheats | 59.36399 | N | cold | 90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 5 | 90 | 25 | 2 |
| Total Corn Flakes | 38.83975 | G | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 35 | 100 | 3 |
| Total Raisin Bran | 28.59278 | G | cold | 140 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 3 | 1 | 190 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 14 | 230 | 100 | 3 |
| Total Whole Grain | 46.65884 | G | cold | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 110 | 100 | 3 |
| Triples | 39.10617 | G | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 60 | 25 | 3 |
| Trix | 27.75330 | G | cold | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 140 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 2 |
| Wheat Chex | 49.78744 | R | cold | 100 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 3 | 1 | 230 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 115 | 25 | 1 |
| Wheaties | 51.59219 | G | cold | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 110 | 25 | 1 |
| Wheaties Honey Gold | 36.18756 | G | cold | 110 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 8 | 60 | 25 | 1 |
select(): Handy Helpers!
everything()starts_with()ends_with()contains()
rename()
- You can use
select()to rename, but all columns not included will be deleted!- Using the
rename()function is easier!
- Using the
name manuf temp calories protein fat
1 100% Bran N cold 70 4 1
2 100% Natural Bran Q cold 120 3 5
3 All-Bran K cold 70 4 1
4 All-Bran with Extra Fiber K cold 50 4 0
5 Almond Delight R cold 110 2 2
6 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios G cold 110 2 2
7 Apple Jacks K cold 110 2 0
8 Basic 4 G cold 130 3 2
9 Bran Chex R cold 90 2 1
10 Bran Flakes P cold 90 3 0
11 Cap'n'Crunch Q cold 120 1 2
12 Cheerios G cold 110 6 2
13 Cinnamon Toast Crunch G cold 120 1 3
14 Clusters G cold 110 3 2
15 Cocoa Puffs G cold 110 1 1
16 Corn Chex R cold 110 2 0
17 Corn Flakes K cold 100 2 0
18 Corn Pops K cold 110 1 0
19 Count Chocula G cold 110 1 1
20 Cracklin' Oat Bran K cold 110 3 3
21 Cream of Wheat (Quick) N hot 100 3 0
22 Crispix K cold 110 2 0
23 Crispy Wheat & Raisins G cold 100 2 1
24 Double Chex R cold 100 2 0
25 Froot Loops K cold 110 2 1
26 Frosted Flakes K cold 110 1 0
27 Frosted Mini-Wheats K cold 100 3 0
28 Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats P cold 120 3 2
29 Fruitful Bran K cold 120 3 0
30 Fruity Pebbles P cold 110 1 1
31 Golden Crisp P cold 100 2 0
32 Golden Grahams G cold 110 1 1
33 Grape Nuts Flakes P cold 100 3 1
34 Grape-Nuts P cold 110 3 0
35 Great Grains Pecan P cold 120 3 3
36 Honey Graham Ohs Q cold 120 1 2
37 Honey Nut Cheerios G cold 110 3 1
38 Honey-comb P cold 110 1 0
39 Just Right Crunchy Nuggets K cold 110 2 1
40 Just Right Fruit & Nut K cold 140 3 1
41 Kix G cold 110 2 1
42 Life Q cold 100 4 2
43 Lucky Charms G cold 110 2 1
44 Maypo A hot 100 4 1
45 Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds R cold 150 4 3
46 Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans R cold 150 4 3
47 Mueslix Crispy Blend K cold 160 3 2
48 Multi-Grain Cheerios G cold 100 2 1
49 Nut&Honey Crunch K cold 120 2 1
50 Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin K cold 140 3 2
51 Nutri-grain Wheat K cold 90 3 0
52 Oatmeal Raisin Crisp G cold 130 3 2
53 Post Nat. Raisin Bran P cold 120 3 1
54 Product 19 K cold 100 3 0
55 Puffed Rice Q cold 50 1 0
56 Puffed Wheat Q cold 50 2 0
57 Quaker Oat Squares Q cold 100 4 1
58 Quaker Oatmeal Q hot 100 5 2
59 Raisin Bran K cold 120 3 1
60 Raisin Nut Bran G cold 100 3 2
61 Raisin Squares K cold 90 2 0
62 Rice Chex R cold 110 1 0
63 Rice Krispies K cold 110 2 0
64 Shredded Wheat N cold 80 2 0
65 Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran N cold 90 3 0
66 Shredded Wheat spoon size N cold 90 3 0
67 Smacks K cold 110 2 1
68 Special K K cold 110 6 0
69 Strawberry Fruit Wheats N cold 90 2 0
70 Total Corn Flakes G cold 110 2 1
71 Total Raisin Bran G cold 140 3 1
72 Total Whole Grain G cold 100 3 1
73 Triples G cold 110 2 1
74 Trix G cold 110 1 1
75 Wheat Chex R cold 100 3 1
76 Wheaties G cold 100 3 1
77 Wheaties Honey Gold G cold 110 2 1
sodium fiber carbo sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 130 10.0 5.0 6 280 25 3 1.00 0.33 68.40297
2 15 2.0 8.0 8 135 0 3 1.00 1.00 33.98368
3 260 9.0 7.0 5 320 25 3 1.00 0.33 59.42551
4 140 14.0 8.0 0 330 25 3 1.00 0.50 93.70491
5 200 1.0 14.0 8 -1 25 3 1.00 0.75 34.38484
6 180 1.5 10.5 10 70 25 1 1.00 0.75 29.50954
7 125 1.0 11.0 14 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 33.17409
8 210 2.0 18.0 8 100 25 3 1.33 0.75 37.03856
9 200 4.0 15.0 6 125 25 1 1.00 0.67 49.12025
10 210 5.0 13.0 5 190 25 3 1.00 0.67 53.31381
11 220 0.0 12.0 12 35 25 2 1.00 0.75 18.04285
12 290 2.0 17.0 1 105 25 1 1.00 1.25 50.76500
13 210 0.0 13.0 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 19.82357
14 140 2.0 13.0 7 105 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.40021
15 180 0.0 12.0 13 55 25 2 1.00 1.00 22.73645
16 280 0.0 22.0 3 25 25 1 1.00 1.00 41.44502
17 290 1.0 21.0 2 35 25 1 1.00 1.00 45.86332
18 90 1.0 13.0 12 20 25 2 1.00 1.00 35.78279
19 180 0.0 12.0 13 65 25 2 1.00 1.00 22.39651
20 140 4.0 10.0 7 160 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.44877
21 80 1.0 21.0 0 -1 0 2 1.00 1.00 64.53382
22 220 1.0 21.0 3 30 25 3 1.00 1.00 46.89564
23 140 2.0 11.0 10 120 25 3 1.00 0.75 36.17620
24 190 1.0 18.0 5 80 25 3 1.00 0.75 44.33086
25 125 1.0 11.0 13 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 32.20758
26 200 1.0 14.0 11 25 25 1 1.00 0.75 31.43597
27 0 3.0 14.0 7 100 25 2 1.00 0.80 58.34514
28 160 5.0 12.0 10 200 25 3 1.25 0.67 40.91705
29 240 5.0 14.0 12 190 25 3 1.33 0.67 41.01549
30 135 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00 0.75 28.02576
31 45 0.0 11.0 15 40 25 1 1.00 0.88 35.25244
32 280 0.0 15.0 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 23.80404
33 140 3.0 15.0 5 85 25 3 1.00 0.88 52.07690
34 170 3.0 17.0 3 90 25 3 1.00 0.25 53.37101
35 75 3.0 13.0 4 100 25 3 1.00 0.33 45.81172
36 220 1.0 12.0 11 45 25 2 1.00 1.00 21.87129
37 250 1.5 11.5 10 90 25 1 1.00 0.75 31.07222
38 180 0.0 14.0 11 35 25 1 1.00 1.33 28.74241
39 170 1.0 17.0 6 60 100 3 1.00 1.00 36.52368
40 170 2.0 20.0 9 95 100 3 1.30 0.75 36.47151
41 260 0.0 21.0 3 40 25 2 1.00 1.50 39.24111
42 150 2.0 12.0 6 95 25 2 1.00 0.67 45.32807
43 180 0.0 12.0 12 55 25 2 1.00 1.00 26.73451
44 0 0.0 16.0 3 95 25 2 1.00 1.00 54.85092
45 95 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00 1.00 37.13686
46 150 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00 1.00 34.13976
47 150 3.0 17.0 13 160 25 3 1.50 0.67 30.31335
48 220 2.0 15.0 6 90 25 1 1.00 1.00 40.10596
49 190 0.0 15.0 9 40 25 2 1.00 0.67 29.92429
50 220 3.0 21.0 7 130 25 3 1.33 0.67 40.69232
51 170 3.0 18.0 2 90 25 3 1.00 1.00 59.64284
52 170 1.5 13.5 10 120 25 3 1.25 0.50 30.45084
53 200 6.0 11.0 14 260 25 3 1.33 0.67 37.84059
54 320 1.0 20.0 3 45 100 3 1.00 1.00 41.50354
55 0 0.0 13.0 0 15 0 3 0.50 1.00 60.75611
56 0 1.0 10.0 0 50 0 3 0.50 1.00 63.00565
57 135 2.0 14.0 6 110 25 3 1.00 0.50 49.51187
58 0 2.7 -1.0 -1 110 0 1 1.00 0.67 50.82839
59 210 5.0 14.0 12 240 25 2 1.33 0.75 39.25920
60 140 2.5 10.5 8 140 25 3 1.00 0.50 39.70340
61 0 2.0 15.0 6 110 25 3 1.00 0.50 55.33314
62 240 0.0 23.0 2 30 25 1 1.00 1.13 41.99893
63 290 0.0 22.0 3 35 25 1 1.00 1.00 40.56016
64 0 3.0 16.0 0 95 0 1 0.83 1.00 68.23588
65 0 4.0 19.0 0 140 0 1 1.00 0.67 74.47295
66 0 3.0 20.0 0 120 0 1 1.00 0.67 72.80179
67 70 1.0 9.0 15 40 25 2 1.00 0.75 31.23005
68 230 1.0 16.0 3 55 25 1 1.00 1.00 53.13132
69 15 3.0 15.0 5 90 25 2 1.00 1.00 59.36399
70 200 0.0 21.0 3 35 100 3 1.00 1.00 38.83975
71 190 4.0 15.0 14 230 100 3 1.50 1.00 28.59278
72 200 3.0 16.0 3 110 100 3 1.00 1.00 46.65884
73 250 0.0 21.0 3 60 25 3 1.00 0.75 39.10617
74 140 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00 1.00 27.75330
75 230 3.0 17.0 3 115 25 1 1.00 0.67 49.78744
76 200 3.0 17.0 3 110 25 1 1.00 1.00 51.59219
77 200 1.0 16.0 8 60 25 1 1.00 0.75 36.18756mutate()
Mutate (by Allison Horst)
mutate()
The data set gets mutated to either
- include a new variable
| name | manuf | type | calories | protein | fat | sodium | fiber | carbo | sugars | potass | vitamins | shelf | weight | cups | rating | cal_per_cup |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Bran | N | cold | 70 | 4 | 1 | 130 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 6 | 280 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 68.40297 | 212.12121 |
| 100% Natural Bran | Q | cold | 120 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 8 | 135 | 0 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 33.98368 | 120.00000 |
| All-Bran | K | cold | 70 | 4 | 1 | 260 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 5 | 320 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 59.42551 | 212.12121 |
| All-Bran with Extra Fiber | K | cold | 50 | 4 | 0 | 140 | 14.0 | 8.0 | 0 | 330 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 93.70491 | 100.00000 |
| Almond Delight | R | cold | 110 | 2 | 2 | 200 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 8 | -1 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 34.38484 | 146.66667 |
| Apple Cinnamon Cheerios | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 2 | 180 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 10 | 70 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 29.50954 | 146.66667 |
| Apple Jacks | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 125 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 14 | 30 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 33.17409 | 110.00000 |
| Basic 4 | G | cold | 130 | 3 | 2 | 210 | 2.0 | 18.0 | 8 | 100 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.75 | 37.03856 | 173.33333 |
| Bran Chex | R | cold | 90 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 125 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 49.12025 | 134.32836 |
| Bran Flakes | P | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 210 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 5 | 190 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 53.31381 | 134.32836 |
| Cap'n'Crunch | Q | cold | 120 | 1 | 2 | 220 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12 | 35 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 18.04285 | 160.00000 |
| Cheerios | G | cold | 110 | 6 | 2 | 290 | 2.0 | 17.0 | 1 | 105 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 50.76500 | 88.00000 |
| Cinnamon Toast Crunch | G | cold | 120 | 1 | 3 | 210 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 19.82357 | 160.00000 |
| Clusters | G | cold | 110 | 3 | 2 | 140 | 2.0 | 13.0 | 7 | 105 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 40.40021 | 220.00000 |
| Cocoa Puffs | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 55 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22.73645 | 110.00000 |
| Corn Chex | R | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 280 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41.44502 | 110.00000 |
| Corn Flakes | K | cold | 100 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 2 | 35 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 45.86332 | 100.00000 |
| Corn Pops | K | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 90 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 20 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 35.78279 | 110.00000 |
| Count Chocula | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 13 | 65 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 22.39651 | 110.00000 |
| Cracklin' Oat Bran | K | cold | 110 | 3 | 3 | 140 | 4.0 | 10.0 | 7 | 160 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 40.44877 | 220.00000 |
| Cream of Wheat (Quick) | N | hot | 100 | 3 | 0 | 80 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 64.53382 | 100.00000 |
| Crispix | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 220 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 30 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46.89564 | 110.00000 |
| Crispy Wheat & Raisins | G | cold | 100 | 2 | 1 | 140 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 36.17620 | 133.33333 |
| Double Chex | R | cold | 100 | 2 | 0 | 190 | 1.0 | 18.0 | 5 | 80 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 44.33086 | 133.33333 |
| Froot Loops | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 125 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 13 | 30 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 32.20758 | 110.00000 |
| Frosted Flakes | K | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 200 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 11 | 25 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 31.43597 | 146.66667 |
| Frosted Mini-Wheats | K | cold | 100 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 7 | 100 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 58.34514 | 125.00000 |
| Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats | P | cold | 120 | 3 | 2 | 160 | 5.0 | 12.0 | 10 | 200 | 25 | 3 | 1.25 | 0.67 | 40.91705 | 179.10448 |
| Fruitful Bran | K | cold | 120 | 3 | 0 | 240 | 5.0 | 14.0 | 12 | 190 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 41.01549 | 179.10448 |
| Fruity Pebbles | P | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 135 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 28.02576 | 146.66667 |
| Golden Crisp | P | cold | 100 | 2 | 0 | 45 | 0.0 | 11.0 | 15 | 40 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 35.25244 | 113.63636 |
| Golden Grahams | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 280 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 23.80404 | 146.66667 |
| Grape Nuts Flakes | P | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 140 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 5 | 85 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 52.07690 | 113.63636 |
| Grape-Nuts | P | cold | 110 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 90 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 53.37101 | 440.00000 |
| Great Grains Pecan | P | cold | 120 | 3 | 3 | 75 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 4 | 100 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 45.81172 | 363.63636 |
| Honey Graham Ohs | Q | cold | 120 | 1 | 2 | 220 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 11 | 45 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 21.87129 | 120.00000 |
| Honey Nut Cheerios | G | cold | 110 | 3 | 1 | 250 | 1.5 | 11.5 | 10 | 90 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 31.07222 | 146.66667 |
| Honey-comb | P | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 180 | 0.0 | 14.0 | 11 | 35 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 28.74241 | 82.70677 |
| Just Right Crunchy Nuggets | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 170 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 6 | 60 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 36.52368 | 110.00000 |
| Just Right Fruit & Nut | K | cold | 140 | 3 | 1 | 170 | 2.0 | 20.0 | 9 | 95 | 100 | 3 | 1.30 | 0.75 | 36.47151 | 186.66667 |
| Kix | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 260 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 40 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 39.24111 | 73.33333 |
| Life | Q | cold | 100 | 4 | 2 | 150 | 2.0 | 12.0 | 6 | 95 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 45.32807 | 149.25373 |
| Lucky Charms | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 180 | 0.0 | 12.0 | 12 | 55 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 26.73451 | 110.00000 |
| Maypo | A | hot | 100 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 95 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 54.85092 | 100.00000 |
| Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds | R | cold | 150 | 4 | 3 | 95 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 11 | 170 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 37.13686 | 150.00000 |
| Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans | R | cold | 150 | 4 | 3 | 150 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 11 | 170 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 34.13976 | 150.00000 |
| Mueslix Crispy Blend | K | cold | 160 | 3 | 2 | 150 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 13 | 160 | 25 | 3 | 1.50 | 0.67 | 30.31335 | 238.80597 |
| Multi-Grain Cheerios | G | cold | 100 | 2 | 1 | 220 | 2.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 90 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40.10596 | 100.00000 |
| Nut&Honey Crunch | K | cold | 120 | 2 | 1 | 190 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 9 | 40 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 29.92429 | 179.10448 |
| Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin | K | cold | 140 | 3 | 2 | 220 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 7 | 130 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 40.69232 | 208.95522 |
| Nutri-grain Wheat | K | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 3.0 | 18.0 | 2 | 90 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59.64284 | 90.00000 |
| Oatmeal Raisin Crisp | G | cold | 130 | 3 | 2 | 170 | 1.5 | 13.5 | 10 | 120 | 25 | 3 | 1.25 | 0.50 | 30.45084 | 260.00000 |
| Post Nat. Raisin Bran | P | cold | 120 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 14 | 260 | 25 | 3 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 37.84059 | 179.10448 |
| Product 19 | K | cold | 100 | 3 | 0 | 320 | 1.0 | 20.0 | 3 | 45 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41.50354 | 100.00000 |
| Puffed Rice | Q | cold | 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 60.75611 | 50.00000 |
| Puffed Wheat | Q | cold | 50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 3 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 63.00565 | 50.00000 |
| Quaker Oat Squares | Q | cold | 100 | 4 | 1 | 135 | 2.0 | 14.0 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 49.51187 | 200.00000 |
| Quaker Oatmeal | Q | hot | 100 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2.7 | -1.0 | -1 | 110 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 50.82839 | 149.25373 |
| Raisin Bran | K | cold | 120 | 3 | 1 | 210 | 5.0 | 14.0 | 12 | 240 | 25 | 2 | 1.33 | 0.75 | 39.25920 | 160.00000 |
| Raisin Nut Bran | G | cold | 100 | 3 | 2 | 140 | 2.5 | 10.5 | 8 | 140 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 39.70340 | 200.00000 |
| Raisin Squares | K | cold | 90 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 15.0 | 6 | 110 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 55.33314 | 180.00000 |
| Rice Chex | R | cold | 110 | 1 | 0 | 240 | 0.0 | 23.0 | 2 | 30 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 41.99893 | 97.34513 |
| Rice Krispies | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 0 | 290 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 3 | 35 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40.56016 | 110.00000 |
| Shredded Wheat | N | cold | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 1 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 68.23588 | 80.00000 |
| Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran | N | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 19.0 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 74.47295 | 134.32836 |
| Shredded Wheat spoon size | N | cold | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 72.80179 | 134.32836 |
| Smacks | K | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 70 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 15 | 40 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 31.23005 | 146.66667 |
| Special K | K | cold | 110 | 6 | 0 | 230 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 55 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 53.13132 | 110.00000 |
| Strawberry Fruit Wheats | N | cold | 90 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 5 | 90 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 59.36399 | 90.00000 |
| Total Corn Flakes | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 35 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 38.83975 | 110.00000 |
| Total Raisin Bran | G | cold | 140 | 3 | 1 | 190 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 14 | 230 | 100 | 3 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 28.59278 | 140.00000 |
| Total Whole Grain | G | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 3 | 110 | 100 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46.65884 | 100.00000 |
| Triples | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 3 | 60 | 25 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 39.10617 | 146.66667 |
| Trix | G | cold | 110 | 1 | 1 | 140 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 27.75330 | 110.00000 |
| Wheat Chex | R | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 230 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 115 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 49.78744 | 149.25373 |
| Wheaties | G | cold | 100 | 3 | 1 | 200 | 3.0 | 17.0 | 3 | 110 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 51.59219 | 100.00000 |
| Wheaties Honey Gold | G | cold | 110 | 2 | 1 | 200 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 8 | 60 | 25 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 36.18756 | 146.66667 |
- revise an existing variable
mutate(): Handy Helpers!
if_else()orcase_when()as.factor(),as.numeric(), etc.+,-,*,/%%
group_by()
The ungroup() command is just as important as the group_by() command! (by Allison Horst)
group_by()
Separating a categorical variable into its different levels.
# A tibble: 77 × 16
# Groups: type [2]
name manuf type calor…¹ protein fat sodium fiber carbo sugars potass
<fct> <fct> <fct> <int> <int> <int> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
1 100% Bran N cold 70 4 1 130 10 5 6 280
2 100% Natu… Q cold 120 3 5 15 2 8 8 135
3 All-Bran K cold 70 4 1 260 9 7 5 320
4 All-Bran … K cold 50 4 0 140 14 8 0 330
5 Almond De… R cold 110 2 2 200 1 14 8 -1
6 Apple Cin… G cold 110 2 2 180 1.5 10.5 10 70
7 Apple Jac… K cold 110 2 0 125 1 11 14 30
8 Basic 4 G cold 130 3 2 210 2 18 8 100
9 Bran Chex R cold 90 2 1 200 4 15 6 125
10 Bran Flak… P cold 90 3 0 210 5 13 5 190
# … with 67 more rows, 5 more variables: vitamins <int>, shelf <int>,
# weight <dbl>, cups <dbl>, rating <dbl>, and abbreviated variable name
# ¹caloriessummarize()
group_by() is almost always paired with summarize()!
summarize()
We calculate different summaries of variables in the data set.
Or multiple summaries.
group_by() + summarize() = Power!
summarize(): Handy Helpers!
mean(),median(),sd(),sum()n(),n_distinct()min(),max()first(),last(),nth()across()
Glue it all together!
Save your changes!
When you make these changes, make sure you are assigning them to a data set!
Formatting your code
PA 3: Identify the Mystery College
Today you will be using the dplyr package to clean a data set and then using that cleaned data set to figure out what college Ephelia has been accepted to.
Submit the full name of the college Ephelia will attend to the Canvas Quiz.
To do…
- PA 3: Identify the Mystery College
- Due Wednesday 1/25 at 8:00am
Wednesday, January 25th
Today we will…
- Review PA 3: Identify the Mystery College
- Extending
dplyrverbsacross()if_else()case_when()
- Implication of Data Ethics
- Lab 3: Hip Hop Lyrics
- Challenge 3: Published Comparisons & Data Ethics
Extending dplyr verbs
Example Data set – Cereal
'data.frame': 77 obs. of 16 variables:
$ name : Factor w/ 77 levels "100% Bran","100% Natural Bran",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ manuf : Factor w/ 7 levels "A","G","K","N",..: 4 6 3 3 7 2 3 2 7 5 ...
$ type : Factor w/ 2 levels "cold","hot": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ calories: int 70 120 70 50 110 110 110 130 90 90 ...
$ protein : int 4 3 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 ...
$ fat : int 1 5 1 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 ...
$ sodium : int 130 15 260 140 200 180 125 210 200 210 ...
$ fiber : num 10 2 9 14 1 1.5 1 2 4 5 ...
$ carbo : num 5 8 7 8 14 10.5 11 18 15 13 ...
$ sugars : int 6 8 5 0 8 10 14 8 6 5 ...
$ potass : int 280 135 320 330 -1 70 30 100 125 190 ...
$ vitamins: int 25 0 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 ...
$ shelf : int 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 ...
$ weight : num 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.33 1 1 ...
$ cups : num 0.33 1 0.33 0.5 0.75 0.75 1 0.75 0.67 0.67 ...
$ rating : num 68.4 34 59.4 93.7 34.4 ... name manuf type calories protein fat sodium fiber carbo
1 100% Bran N cold 70 4 1 130 10.0 5.0
2 100% Natural Bran Q cold 120 3 5 15 2.0 8.0
3 All-Bran K cold 70 4 1 260 9.0 7.0
4 All-Bran with Extra Fiber K cold 50 4 0 140 14.0 8.0
5 Almond Delight R cold 110 2 2 200 1.0 14.0
6 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios G cold 110 2 2 180 1.5 10.5
sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 6 280 25 3 1 0.33 68.40297
2 8 135 0 3 1 1.00 33.98368
3 5 320 25 3 1 0.33 59.42551
4 0 330 25 3 1 0.50 93.70491
5 8 -1 25 3 1 0.75 34.38484
6 10 70 25 1 1 0.75 29.50954 name manuf type calories
100% Bran : 1 A: 1 cold:74 Min. : 50.0
100% Natural Bran : 1 G:22 hot : 3 1st Qu.:100.0
All-Bran : 1 K:23 Median :110.0
All-Bran with Extra Fiber: 1 N: 6 Mean :106.9
Almond Delight : 1 P: 9 3rd Qu.:110.0
Apple Cinnamon Cheerios : 1 Q: 8 Max. :160.0
(Other) :71 R: 8
protein fat sodium fiber
Min. :1.000 Min. :0.000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.000
1st Qu.:2.000 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:130.0 1st Qu.: 1.000
Median :3.000 Median :1.000 Median :180.0 Median : 2.000
Mean :2.545 Mean :1.013 Mean :159.7 Mean : 2.152
3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:210.0 3rd Qu.: 3.000
Max. :6.000 Max. :5.000 Max. :320.0 Max. :14.000
carbo sugars potass vitamins
Min. :-1.0 Min. :-1.000 Min. : -1.00 Min. : 0.00
1st Qu.:12.0 1st Qu.: 3.000 1st Qu.: 40.00 1st Qu.: 25.00
Median :14.0 Median : 7.000 Median : 90.00 Median : 25.00
Mean :14.6 Mean : 6.922 Mean : 96.08 Mean : 28.25
3rd Qu.:17.0 3rd Qu.:11.000 3rd Qu.:120.00 3rd Qu.: 25.00
Max. :23.0 Max. :15.000 Max. :330.00 Max. :100.00
shelf weight cups rating
Min. :1.000 Min. :0.50 Min. :0.250 Min. :18.04
1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:1.00 1st Qu.:0.670 1st Qu.:33.17
Median :2.000 Median :1.00 Median :0.750 Median :40.40
Mean :2.208 Mean :1.03 Mean :0.821 Mean :42.67
3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:1.00 3rd Qu.:1.000 3rd Qu.:50.83
Max. :3.000 Max. :1.50 Max. :1.500 Max. :93.70
Summarize or mutate multiple columns with across()
Discritize with if_else()
name manuf type calories protein fat
1 100% Bran N cold 70 4 1
2 100% Natural Bran Q cold 120 3 5
3 All-Bran K cold 70 4 1
4 All-Bran with Extra Fiber K cold 50 4 0
5 Almond Delight R cold 110 2 2
6 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios G cold 110 2 2
7 Apple Jacks K cold 110 2 0
8 Basic 4 G cold 130 3 2
9 Bran Chex R cold 90 2 1
10 Bran Flakes P cold 90 3 0
11 Cap'n'Crunch Q cold 120 1 2
12 Cheerios G cold 110 6 2
13 Cinnamon Toast Crunch G cold 120 1 3
14 Clusters G cold 110 3 2
15 Cocoa Puffs G cold 110 1 1
16 Corn Chex R cold 110 2 0
17 Corn Flakes K cold 100 2 0
18 Corn Pops K cold 110 1 0
19 Count Chocula G cold 110 1 1
20 Cracklin' Oat Bran K cold 110 3 3
21 Cream of Wheat (Quick) N hot 100 3 0
22 Crispix K cold 110 2 0
23 Crispy Wheat & Raisins G cold 100 2 1
24 Double Chex R cold 100 2 0
25 Froot Loops K cold 110 2 1
26 Frosted Flakes K cold 110 1 0
27 Frosted Mini-Wheats K cold 100 3 0
28 Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats P cold 120 3 2
29 Fruitful Bran K cold 120 3 0
30 Fruity Pebbles P cold 110 1 1
31 Golden Crisp P cold 100 2 0
32 Golden Grahams G cold 110 1 1
33 Grape Nuts Flakes P cold 100 3 1
34 Grape-Nuts P cold 110 3 0
35 Great Grains Pecan P cold 120 3 3
36 Honey Graham Ohs Q cold 120 1 2
37 Honey Nut Cheerios G cold 110 3 1
38 Honey-comb P cold 110 1 0
39 Just Right Crunchy Nuggets K cold 110 2 1
40 Just Right Fruit & Nut K cold 140 3 1
41 Kix G cold 110 2 1
42 Life Q cold 100 4 2
43 Lucky Charms G cold 110 2 1
44 Maypo A hot 100 4 1
45 Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds R cold 150 4 3
46 Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans R cold 150 4 3
47 Mueslix Crispy Blend K cold 160 3 2
48 Multi-Grain Cheerios G cold 100 2 1
49 Nut&Honey Crunch K cold 120 2 1
50 Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin K cold 140 3 2
51 Nutri-grain Wheat K cold 90 3 0
52 Oatmeal Raisin Crisp G cold 130 3 2
53 Post Nat. Raisin Bran P cold 120 3 1
54 Product 19 K cold 100 3 0
55 Puffed Rice Q cold 50 1 0
56 Puffed Wheat Q cold 50 2 0
57 Quaker Oat Squares Q cold 100 4 1
58 Quaker Oatmeal Q hot 100 5 2
59 Raisin Bran K cold 120 3 1
60 Raisin Nut Bran G cold 100 3 2
61 Raisin Squares K cold 90 2 0
62 Rice Chex R cold 110 1 0
63 Rice Krispies K cold 110 2 0
64 Shredded Wheat N cold 80 2 0
65 Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran N cold 90 3 0
66 Shredded Wheat spoon size N cold 90 3 0
67 Smacks K cold 110 2 1
68 Special K K cold 110 6 0
69 Strawberry Fruit Wheats N cold 90 2 0
70 Total Corn Flakes G cold 110 2 1
71 Total Raisin Bran G cold 140 3 1
72 Total Whole Grain G cold 100 3 1
73 Triples G cold 110 2 1
74 Trix G cold 110 1 1
75 Wheat Chex R cold 100 3 1
76 Wheaties G cold 100 3 1
77 Wheaties Honey Gold G cold 110 2 1
sodium fiber carbo sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating low_cal
1 130 10.0 5.0 6 280 25 3 1.00 0.33 68.40297 low
2 15 2.0 8.0 8 135 0 3 1.00 1.00 33.98368 high
3 260 9.0 7.0 5 320 25 3 1.00 0.33 59.42551 low
4 140 14.0 8.0 0 330 25 3 1.00 0.50 93.70491 low
5 200 1.0 14.0 8 -1 25 3 1.00 0.75 34.38484 high
6 180 1.5 10.5 10 70 25 1 1.00 0.75 29.50954 high
7 125 1.0 11.0 14 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 33.17409 high
8 210 2.0 18.0 8 100 25 3 1.33 0.75 37.03856 high
9 200 4.0 15.0 6 125 25 1 1.00 0.67 49.12025 low
10 210 5.0 13.0 5 190 25 3 1.00 0.67 53.31381 low
11 220 0.0 12.0 12 35 25 2 1.00 0.75 18.04285 high
12 290 2.0 17.0 1 105 25 1 1.00 1.25 50.76500 high
13 210 0.0 13.0 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 19.82357 high
14 140 2.0 13.0 7 105 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.40021 high
15 180 0.0 12.0 13 55 25 2 1.00 1.00 22.73645 high
16 280 0.0 22.0 3 25 25 1 1.00 1.00 41.44502 high
17 290 1.0 21.0 2 35 25 1 1.00 1.00 45.86332 high
18 90 1.0 13.0 12 20 25 2 1.00 1.00 35.78279 high
19 180 0.0 12.0 13 65 25 2 1.00 1.00 22.39651 high
20 140 4.0 10.0 7 160 25 3 1.00 0.50 40.44877 high
21 80 1.0 21.0 0 -1 0 2 1.00 1.00 64.53382 high
22 220 1.0 21.0 3 30 25 3 1.00 1.00 46.89564 high
23 140 2.0 11.0 10 120 25 3 1.00 0.75 36.17620 high
24 190 1.0 18.0 5 80 25 3 1.00 0.75 44.33086 high
25 125 1.0 11.0 13 30 25 2 1.00 1.00 32.20758 high
26 200 1.0 14.0 11 25 25 1 1.00 0.75 31.43597 high
27 0 3.0 14.0 7 100 25 2 1.00 0.80 58.34514 high
28 160 5.0 12.0 10 200 25 3 1.25 0.67 40.91705 high
29 240 5.0 14.0 12 190 25 3 1.33 0.67 41.01549 high
30 135 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00 0.75 28.02576 high
31 45 0.0 11.0 15 40 25 1 1.00 0.88 35.25244 high
32 280 0.0 15.0 9 45 25 2 1.00 0.75 23.80404 high
33 140 3.0 15.0 5 85 25 3 1.00 0.88 52.07690 high
34 170 3.0 17.0 3 90 25 3 1.00 0.25 53.37101 high
35 75 3.0 13.0 4 100 25 3 1.00 0.33 45.81172 high
36 220 1.0 12.0 11 45 25 2 1.00 1.00 21.87129 high
37 250 1.5 11.5 10 90 25 1 1.00 0.75 31.07222 high
38 180 0.0 14.0 11 35 25 1 1.00 1.33 28.74241 high
39 170 1.0 17.0 6 60 100 3 1.00 1.00 36.52368 high
40 170 2.0 20.0 9 95 100 3 1.30 0.75 36.47151 high
41 260 0.0 21.0 3 40 25 2 1.00 1.50 39.24111 high
42 150 2.0 12.0 6 95 25 2 1.00 0.67 45.32807 high
43 180 0.0 12.0 12 55 25 2 1.00 1.00 26.73451 high
44 0 0.0 16.0 3 95 25 2 1.00 1.00 54.85092 high
45 95 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00 1.00 37.13686 high
46 150 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00 1.00 34.13976 high
47 150 3.0 17.0 13 160 25 3 1.50 0.67 30.31335 high
48 220 2.0 15.0 6 90 25 1 1.00 1.00 40.10596 high
49 190 0.0 15.0 9 40 25 2 1.00 0.67 29.92429 high
50 220 3.0 21.0 7 130 25 3 1.33 0.67 40.69232 high
51 170 3.0 18.0 2 90 25 3 1.00 1.00 59.64284 low
52 170 1.5 13.5 10 120 25 3 1.25 0.50 30.45084 high
53 200 6.0 11.0 14 260 25 3 1.33 0.67 37.84059 high
54 320 1.0 20.0 3 45 100 3 1.00 1.00 41.50354 high
55 0 0.0 13.0 0 15 0 3 0.50 1.00 60.75611 low
56 0 1.0 10.0 0 50 0 3 0.50 1.00 63.00565 low
57 135 2.0 14.0 6 110 25 3 1.00 0.50 49.51187 high
58 0 2.7 -1.0 -1 110 0 1 1.00 0.67 50.82839 high
59 210 5.0 14.0 12 240 25 2 1.33 0.75 39.25920 high
60 140 2.5 10.5 8 140 25 3 1.00 0.50 39.70340 high
61 0 2.0 15.0 6 110 25 3 1.00 0.50 55.33314 low
62 240 0.0 23.0 2 30 25 1 1.00 1.13 41.99893 high
63 290 0.0 22.0 3 35 25 1 1.00 1.00 40.56016 high
64 0 3.0 16.0 0 95 0 1 0.83 1.00 68.23588 low
65 0 4.0 19.0 0 140 0 1 1.00 0.67 74.47295 low
66 0 3.0 20.0 0 120 0 1 1.00 0.67 72.80179 low
67 70 1.0 9.0 15 40 25 2 1.00 0.75 31.23005 high
68 230 1.0 16.0 3 55 25 1 1.00 1.00 53.13132 high
69 15 3.0 15.0 5 90 25 2 1.00 1.00 59.36399 low
70 200 0.0 21.0 3 35 100 3 1.00 1.00 38.83975 high
71 190 4.0 15.0 14 230 100 3 1.50 1.00 28.59278 high
72 200 3.0 16.0 3 110 100 3 1.00 1.00 46.65884 high
73 250 0.0 21.0 3 60 25 3 1.00 0.75 39.10617 high
74 140 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00 1.00 27.75330 high
75 230 3.0 17.0 3 115 25 1 1.00 0.67 49.78744 high
76 200 3.0 17.0 3 110 25 1 1.00 1.00 51.59219 high
77 200 1.0 16.0 8 60 25 1 1.00 0.75 36.18756 highRe-leveling with case_when()
cereal |>
mutate(manuf = case_when(manuf == "A" ~ "American Home Food Products",
manuf == "G" ~ "General Mills",
manuf == "K" ~ "Kelloggs",
manuf == "N" ~ "Nabisco",
manuf == "P" ~ "Post",
manuf == "Q" ~ "Quaker Oats",
manuf == "R" ~ "Ralston Purina"
)
) name manuf type
1 100% Bran Nabisco cold
2 100% Natural Bran Quaker Oats cold
3 All-Bran Kelloggs cold
4 All-Bran with Extra Fiber Kelloggs cold
5 Almond Delight Ralston Purina cold
6 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios General Mills cold
7 Apple Jacks Kelloggs cold
8 Basic 4 General Mills cold
9 Bran Chex Ralston Purina cold
10 Bran Flakes Post cold
11 Cap'n'Crunch Quaker Oats cold
12 Cheerios General Mills cold
13 Cinnamon Toast Crunch General Mills cold
14 Clusters General Mills cold
15 Cocoa Puffs General Mills cold
16 Corn Chex Ralston Purina cold
17 Corn Flakes Kelloggs cold
18 Corn Pops Kelloggs cold
19 Count Chocula General Mills cold
20 Cracklin' Oat Bran Kelloggs cold
21 Cream of Wheat (Quick) Nabisco hot
22 Crispix Kelloggs cold
23 Crispy Wheat & Raisins General Mills cold
24 Double Chex Ralston Purina cold
25 Froot Loops Kelloggs cold
26 Frosted Flakes Kelloggs cold
27 Frosted Mini-Wheats Kelloggs cold
28 Fruit & Fibre Dates; Walnuts; and Oats Post cold
29 Fruitful Bran Kelloggs cold
30 Fruity Pebbles Post cold
31 Golden Crisp Post cold
32 Golden Grahams General Mills cold
33 Grape Nuts Flakes Post cold
34 Grape-Nuts Post cold
35 Great Grains Pecan Post cold
36 Honey Graham Ohs Quaker Oats cold
37 Honey Nut Cheerios General Mills cold
38 Honey-comb Post cold
39 Just Right Crunchy Nuggets Kelloggs cold
40 Just Right Fruit & Nut Kelloggs cold
41 Kix General Mills cold
42 Life Quaker Oats cold
43 Lucky Charms General Mills cold
44 Maypo American Home Food Products hot
45 Muesli Raisins; Dates; & Almonds Ralston Purina cold
46 Muesli Raisins; Peaches; & Pecans Ralston Purina cold
47 Mueslix Crispy Blend Kelloggs cold
48 Multi-Grain Cheerios General Mills cold
49 Nut&Honey Crunch Kelloggs cold
50 Nutri-Grain Almond-Raisin Kelloggs cold
51 Nutri-grain Wheat Kelloggs cold
52 Oatmeal Raisin Crisp General Mills cold
53 Post Nat. Raisin Bran Post cold
54 Product 19 Kelloggs cold
55 Puffed Rice Quaker Oats cold
56 Puffed Wheat Quaker Oats cold
57 Quaker Oat Squares Quaker Oats cold
58 Quaker Oatmeal Quaker Oats hot
59 Raisin Bran Kelloggs cold
60 Raisin Nut Bran General Mills cold
61 Raisin Squares Kelloggs cold
62 Rice Chex Ralston Purina cold
63 Rice Krispies Kelloggs cold
64 Shredded Wheat Nabisco cold
65 Shredded Wheat 'n'Bran Nabisco cold
66 Shredded Wheat spoon size Nabisco cold
67 Smacks Kelloggs cold
68 Special K Kelloggs cold
69 Strawberry Fruit Wheats Nabisco cold
70 Total Corn Flakes General Mills cold
71 Total Raisin Bran General Mills cold
72 Total Whole Grain General Mills cold
73 Triples General Mills cold
74 Trix General Mills cold
75 Wheat Chex Ralston Purina cold
76 Wheaties General Mills cold
77 Wheaties Honey Gold General Mills cold
calories protein fat sodium fiber carbo sugars potass vitamins shelf weight
1 70 4 1 130 10.0 5.0 6 280 25 3 1.00
2 120 3 5 15 2.0 8.0 8 135 0 3 1.00
3 70 4 1 260 9.0 7.0 5 320 25 3 1.00
4 50 4 0 140 14.0 8.0 0 330 25 3 1.00
5 110 2 2 200 1.0 14.0 8 -1 25 3 1.00
6 110 2 2 180 1.5 10.5 10 70 25 1 1.00
7 110 2 0 125 1.0 11.0 14 30 25 2 1.00
8 130 3 2 210 2.0 18.0 8 100 25 3 1.33
9 90 2 1 200 4.0 15.0 6 125 25 1 1.00
10 90 3 0 210 5.0 13.0 5 190 25 3 1.00
11 120 1 2 220 0.0 12.0 12 35 25 2 1.00
12 110 6 2 290 2.0 17.0 1 105 25 1 1.00
13 120 1 3 210 0.0 13.0 9 45 25 2 1.00
14 110 3 2 140 2.0 13.0 7 105 25 3 1.00
15 110 1 1 180 0.0 12.0 13 55 25 2 1.00
16 110 2 0 280 0.0 22.0 3 25 25 1 1.00
17 100 2 0 290 1.0 21.0 2 35 25 1 1.00
18 110 1 0 90 1.0 13.0 12 20 25 2 1.00
19 110 1 1 180 0.0 12.0 13 65 25 2 1.00
20 110 3 3 140 4.0 10.0 7 160 25 3 1.00
21 100 3 0 80 1.0 21.0 0 -1 0 2 1.00
22 110 2 0 220 1.0 21.0 3 30 25 3 1.00
23 100 2 1 140 2.0 11.0 10 120 25 3 1.00
24 100 2 0 190 1.0 18.0 5 80 25 3 1.00
25 110 2 1 125 1.0 11.0 13 30 25 2 1.00
26 110 1 0 200 1.0 14.0 11 25 25 1 1.00
27 100 3 0 0 3.0 14.0 7 100 25 2 1.00
28 120 3 2 160 5.0 12.0 10 200 25 3 1.25
29 120 3 0 240 5.0 14.0 12 190 25 3 1.33
30 110 1 1 135 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00
31 100 2 0 45 0.0 11.0 15 40 25 1 1.00
32 110 1 1 280 0.0 15.0 9 45 25 2 1.00
33 100 3 1 140 3.0 15.0 5 85 25 3 1.00
34 110 3 0 170 3.0 17.0 3 90 25 3 1.00
35 120 3 3 75 3.0 13.0 4 100 25 3 1.00
36 120 1 2 220 1.0 12.0 11 45 25 2 1.00
37 110 3 1 250 1.5 11.5 10 90 25 1 1.00
38 110 1 0 180 0.0 14.0 11 35 25 1 1.00
39 110 2 1 170 1.0 17.0 6 60 100 3 1.00
40 140 3 1 170 2.0 20.0 9 95 100 3 1.30
41 110 2 1 260 0.0 21.0 3 40 25 2 1.00
42 100 4 2 150 2.0 12.0 6 95 25 2 1.00
43 110 2 1 180 0.0 12.0 12 55 25 2 1.00
44 100 4 1 0 0.0 16.0 3 95 25 2 1.00
45 150 4 3 95 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00
46 150 4 3 150 3.0 16.0 11 170 25 3 1.00
47 160 3 2 150 3.0 17.0 13 160 25 3 1.50
48 100 2 1 220 2.0 15.0 6 90 25 1 1.00
49 120 2 1 190 0.0 15.0 9 40 25 2 1.00
50 140 3 2 220 3.0 21.0 7 130 25 3 1.33
51 90 3 0 170 3.0 18.0 2 90 25 3 1.00
52 130 3 2 170 1.5 13.5 10 120 25 3 1.25
53 120 3 1 200 6.0 11.0 14 260 25 3 1.33
54 100 3 0 320 1.0 20.0 3 45 100 3 1.00
55 50 1 0 0 0.0 13.0 0 15 0 3 0.50
56 50 2 0 0 1.0 10.0 0 50 0 3 0.50
57 100 4 1 135 2.0 14.0 6 110 25 3 1.00
58 100 5 2 0 2.7 -1.0 -1 110 0 1 1.00
59 120 3 1 210 5.0 14.0 12 240 25 2 1.33
60 100 3 2 140 2.5 10.5 8 140 25 3 1.00
61 90 2 0 0 2.0 15.0 6 110 25 3 1.00
62 110 1 0 240 0.0 23.0 2 30 25 1 1.00
63 110 2 0 290 0.0 22.0 3 35 25 1 1.00
64 80 2 0 0 3.0 16.0 0 95 0 1 0.83
65 90 3 0 0 4.0 19.0 0 140 0 1 1.00
66 90 3 0 0 3.0 20.0 0 120 0 1 1.00
67 110 2 1 70 1.0 9.0 15 40 25 2 1.00
68 110 6 0 230 1.0 16.0 3 55 25 1 1.00
69 90 2 0 15 3.0 15.0 5 90 25 2 1.00
70 110 2 1 200 0.0 21.0 3 35 100 3 1.00
71 140 3 1 190 4.0 15.0 14 230 100 3 1.50
72 100 3 1 200 3.0 16.0 3 110 100 3 1.00
73 110 2 1 250 0.0 21.0 3 60 25 3 1.00
74 110 1 1 140 0.0 13.0 12 25 25 2 1.00
75 100 3 1 230 3.0 17.0 3 115 25 1 1.00
76 100 3 1 200 3.0 17.0 3 110 25 1 1.00
77 110 2 1 200 1.0 16.0 8 60 25 1 1.00
cups rating
1 0.33 68.40297
2 1.00 33.98368
3 0.33 59.42551
4 0.50 93.70491
5 0.75 34.38484
6 0.75 29.50954
7 1.00 33.17409
8 0.75 37.03856
9 0.67 49.12025
10 0.67 53.31381
11 0.75 18.04285
12 1.25 50.76500
13 0.75 19.82357
14 0.50 40.40021
15 1.00 22.73645
16 1.00 41.44502
17 1.00 45.86332
18 1.00 35.78279
19 1.00 22.39651
20 0.50 40.44877
21 1.00 64.53382
22 1.00 46.89564
23 0.75 36.17620
24 0.75 44.33086
25 1.00 32.20758
26 0.75 31.43597
27 0.80 58.34514
28 0.67 40.91705
29 0.67 41.01549
30 0.75 28.02576
31 0.88 35.25244
32 0.75 23.80404
33 0.88 52.07690
34 0.25 53.37101
35 0.33 45.81172
36 1.00 21.87129
37 0.75 31.07222
38 1.33 28.74241
39 1.00 36.52368
40 0.75 36.47151
41 1.50 39.24111
42 0.67 45.32807
43 1.00 26.73451
44 1.00 54.85092
45 1.00 37.13686
46 1.00 34.13976
47 0.67 30.31335
48 1.00 40.10596
49 0.67 29.92429
50 0.67 40.69232
51 1.00 59.64284
52 0.50 30.45084
53 0.67 37.84059
54 1.00 41.50354
55 1.00 60.75611
56 1.00 63.00565
57 0.50 49.51187
58 0.67 50.82839
59 0.75 39.25920
60 0.50 39.70340
61 0.50 55.33314
62 1.13 41.99893
63 1.00 40.56016
64 1.00 68.23588
65 0.67 74.47295
66 0.67 72.80179
67 0.75 31.23005
68 1.00 53.13132
69 1.00 59.36399
70 1.00 38.83975
71 1.00 28.59278
72 1.00 46.65884
73 0.75 39.10617
74 1.00 27.75330
75 0.67 49.78744
76 1.00 51.59219
77 0.75 36.18756Multiple Variables in slice()
# A tibble: 12 × 16
# Groups: manuf [7]
name manuf type calor…¹ protein fat sodium fiber carbo sugars potass
<fct> <fct> <fct> <int> <int> <int> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
1 Maypo A hot 100 4 1 0 0 16 3 95
2 Total Rai… G cold 140 3 1 190 4 15 14 230
3 Mueslix C… K cold 160 3 2 150 3 17 13 160
4 Cream of … N hot 100 3 0 80 1 21 0 -1
5 Fruit & F… P cold 120 3 2 160 5 12 10 200
6 Great Gra… P cold 120 3 3 75 3 13 4 100
7 Post Nat.… P cold 120 3 1 200 6 11 14 260
8 100% Natu… Q cold 120 3 5 15 2 8 8 135
9 Cap'n'Cru… Q cold 120 1 2 220 0 12 12 35
10 Honey Gra… Q cold 120 1 2 220 1 12 11 45
11 Muesli Ra… R cold 150 4 3 95 3 16 11 170
12 Muesli Ra… R cold 150 4 3 150 3 16 11 170
# … with 5 more variables: vitamins <int>, shelf <int>, weight <dbl>,
# cups <dbl>, rating <dbl>, and abbreviated variable name ¹calories name manuf type calories protein fat sodium fiber carbo
1 All-Bran with Extra Fiber K cold 50 4 0 140 14 8
2 Puffed Rice Q cold 50 1 0 0 0 13
3 Puffed Wheat Q cold 50 2 0 0 1 10
sugars potass vitamins shelf weight cups rating
1 0 330 25 3 1.0 0.5 93.70491
2 0 15 0 3 0.5 1.0 60.75611
3 0 50 0 3 0.5 1.0 63.00565Piping into ggplot()
cereal |>
mutate(manuf = case_when(manuf == "A" ~ "American Home Food Products",
manuf == "G" ~ "General Mills",
manuf == "K" ~ "Kelloggs",
manuf == "N" ~ "Nabisco",
manuf == "P" ~ "Post",
manuf == "Q" ~ "Quaker Oats",
manuf == "R" ~ "Ralston Purina"
)
) |>
filter(type == "cold") |>
mutate(cal_per_cup = calories / cups) |>
group_by(manuf) |>
summarise(mean_cal_per_cup = mean(cal_per_cup)) |>
ggplot(aes(x = manuf,
y = mean_cal_per_cup,
shape = manuf)) +
geom_point(show.legend = FALSE,
size = 3) +
labs(x = "Manufacturer",
subtitle = "Calories per cup (mean)") +
theme_bw() +
theme(axis.title.y = element_blank(),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 32),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 32),
axis.text = element_text(size = 28)
)Piping into ggplot()
Implication of Data Ethics
Data Science Oath
I will not be ashamed to say, “I know not,” nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for solving a problem.
I will respect the privacy of my data subjects, for their data are not disclosed to me that the world may know, so I will tread with care in matters of privacy and security.
I will remember that my data are not just numbers without meaning or context, but represent real people and situations, and that my work may lead to unintended societal consequences, such as inequality, poverty, and disparities due to algorithmic bias.
ASA Ethical Guidelines
The American Statistical Association’s Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice are intended to help statistics practitioners make decisions ethically. Additionally, the ethical guidelines aim to promote accountability by informing those who rely on statistical analysis of the standards they should expect.
Visit Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice and discuss one of the guidelines with your partner.
- What surprises you? What did you learn?
- What scenario might this come into play?
Institutional Review Board
IRB reviews help to ensure that research participants are protected from research-related risks and treated ethically, a necessary prerequisite for maintaining the public’s trust in the research enterprise and allowing science to advance for the common good.
Note
Watch a video about IRB to learn more.
Weekly Lab + Challenge
To do…
- Lab 3: Hip Hop Lyrics
- Due Friday, 1/27 at 11:59pm
- Challenge 3: Published Comparisons & Data Ethics
- Due Saturday, 1/28 at 11:59pm
- Read Chapter 4: Data Joins and Transformations
- Concept Check 4.1 + 4.2 due Monday (1/30) at 8:00am